One of the things that makes the coronavirus so frightening is how little we know about it. It’s only been about three months since the outbreaks started, and already the virus is infecting people at a seemingly exponential rate.
Fortunately, what we know about COVID-19 is enough to boost our chances of avoiding infection — or, if we do get infected, boost our chances of recovering from the disease. As of this writing, here is what we know about the coronavirus.
How dangerous is the coronavirus?
Global estimates of COVID-19 deaths range between 2 and 4 percent. However, one team of infectious disease experts calculated the fatality rate to be as low as 1 percent in people who already have symptoms of the disease. It’s also worth noting that 80 percent of COVID-19 patients recover without specialized treatment.
Why do some people have trouble recovering from the coronavirus?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the people who are “at higher risk for severe illness (from the coronavirus) are the elderly, and people who have underlying medical conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and asthma.
Why are the lungs so vulnerable?
“Coronavirus” is a general term for a family of viruses that affect the respiratory system. A mild infection can cause symptoms such as cough, fatigue, fever, headache, runny nose and sore throat. If the infection becomes severe, it can lead to complications such as bronchitis, kidney failure, pneumonia, and death. Fortunately, with proper care and management, you’re more likely to deal with a minor infection.
How can I avoid the coronavirus?
COVID-19 is spread through contact with infected individuals and surfaces. That’s why it’s important to wash your hands thoroughly for 20 seconds, avoid touching your face, and limit your physical interaction with others.
How long does the virus last on exposed surfaces?
According to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine, the stability of the virus that causes COVID-19 is similar to that of SARS. The virus can last in “...aerosols for up to three hours, up to four hours on copper, up to 24 hours on cardboard and up to two to three days on plastic and stainless steel.” Again, it’s recommended that you limit contact with potential sources of infection, disinfect surfaces regularly, and wash your hands thoroughly.
Why are we social distancing? And why does it have to be for at least two weeks?
As noted, COVID-19 spreads through contact with infected persons. Even if someone does not appear to have COVID-19 symptoms, the virus has a 2- to 14-day incubation period. In other words, an individual may be infected without anyone knowing it, and unknowingly spread that infection to others.
Even if COVID-19 may not seriously affect low-risk individuals, it can be debilitating for those who suffer from symptoms. If there are too many people who become sick from COVID-19, hospitals can become overwhelmed with patients, to the point that those who require treatment may not be able to get it anymore. For that reason, it’s crucial to follow the guidelines — no matter how inconvenient they may seem — to avoid infection and lessen the burden on the healthcare system.
How is social distancing done, exactly?
Essentially, social distancing is limiting physical contact with others, or putting at least six feet of space between yourself and another person. Since social distancing is extremely difficult to do during events such as concerts, festivals, etc., the only alternative is to cancel such events entirely.
Of course, humans are social animals, and it would be unrealistic to cut off all contact altogether. Fortunately, thanks to modern technology (e.g. social media, smartphones), it’s now possible to keep in touch with loved ones even when we’re not anywhere near them. Technology has also made it possible to work remotely, stay in touch with co-workers, and still maintain the required physical distance.
For many of us now, we are staying at home. But that doesn’t necessarily mean you have to stay inside. if you have a back yard or balcony it’s important to go outside and get some fresh air and sunshine.
How do you know that you have the coronavirus?
The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough and tiredness. Every area, state, and country has different standard procedures regarding Covid-19. If you’re feeling sick it is important to contact your physician by phone for recommendations. Some areas currently have test kits available and some don’t. They may recommend you come in for testing and they may recommend you stay at home and self-quarantine until the results of the test come back. It is important to call ahead as you may risk spreading the infection by going outside to see the doctor and inadvertently contribute to long queues at the hospital and inconvenience patients who really do need help.
If you get infected, what is the treatment?
Like most viruses that affect the respiratory system, COVID-19 does not have a definite cure as of now. However, it is possible to manage the symptoms and prevent potentially fatal complications.
Since your body is fighting an infection, you’ll want to practice ways to boost your immune system, such as getting plenty of quality sleep, eating a balanced diet, and drinking as much water as possible. Unless you belong to one of the high-risk groups, self-care should keep your symptoms mild and help you recover faster.
Should I panic?
When it comes to panic, keep in mind that it’s okay to be afraid, but not to act solely on that fear.
Although the threat of COVID-19 should not be minimized, we should also not allow fear to paralyze and drive us to reckless decisions such as panic buying, which can cause short-term price increases due to high demand and low supply.
Instead, we need to take a step back, look at the current situation from a big-picture perspective, and act in a way that will serve our long-term interests. Be safe, be informed, and be considerate towards others. That way, we can all weather this crisis — and any other future crises — together, and in one piece. Let’s be united to stop the spread!